GEOLOGY FREE NOTES

The Western and Eastern Ghats of India are a series of mountain ranges that are present along the western and eastern coasts of India, respectively.  The Western Ghats are way older than the Eastern Ghats of India.  The mountain ranges in the Western Ghats are continuous.  The mountain ranges in the Eastern Ghats are discontinuous due to the erosion caused by rivers flowing between them. Western Ghats Of India The Western Ghats of India, also known as the Sahyadri Hills , is a range of mountains that runs parallel to the western coast of the Indian Peninsular region. The Western Ghats stretch for about 1600 km from the Tapi River in the north to Kanyakumari in the south, and their width varies from 50 to 80 km. The entire stretch of Western Ghats is interrupted majorly by the Palghat Gap, a low mountain pass between Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu and Palakkad in Kerala.  The other major gap in the Western Ghats is the Goa Gap, which runs between the Maharashtra and Karnat...

The President of India is the nominal head of the executives in India and is the first   Citizen   of the country.   As per Article 53 of the Indian Constitution, the country's executive power is vested in the President and is exercised by the president either directly or through officers subordinate to him by the Constitution.  Droupadi Murmu is the New President of India, and she will serve as the 15th President of the Republic of India. Who is the Current president of India? The current president of India is Droupadi Murmu. She was elected on 21 July 2022 and sworn in on 25 July 2022. She is the 15th president of India and the first woman from a tribal community to hold the office. Murmu was born in a Santhal family in a remote village in the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha.  Before becoming president, Murmu served as the governor of Jharkhand from 2015 to 2021. She is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).  History of President of India The office...

 Layers of Atmosphere  The atmosphere is made up of five distinct layers that are determined by the changes in temperature that happen with increasing altitude. On the basis of layer atmosphere is divided into five types, they are:        1)  Troposphere        2)  Stratosphere        3) Mesosphere        4) Thermo sphere        5) Exo sphere  Troposphere:  It is the lowest most layer present in the atmosphere and extends upward to approx 10kms above sea level starting from ground level.  Boundary of the layer is the lowest part of the troposphere and tropopause is the outermost part of the troposphere.  75% of the air which is present in the atmosphere is there in the troposphere.  As 99% of the atmospheric water vapour is present in this layer only, so most of the cloud appears in this layer.  As you move up in the troposphere , the te...

In the realm of governance, the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers hold pivotal roles in steering a country's course. The Prime Minister is typically the leader of the ruling party. He leads the government and shapes policy decisions. He is supported by the Council of Ministers. They collectively plan and execute laws, policies, and administrative functions. This dynamic interplay of leadership and collaboration forms the backbone of a nation's executive machinery, influencing its direction and progress. Who is a Prime Minister? A Prime Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers in a parliamentary system of government.  In India, the Prime Minister is appointed by the President and is the leader of the political party that has the majority in the Lok Sabha.  The Prime Minister holds the highest executive position in the country.  He leads the government, making policy decisions, and implementing laws and programs.  The Prime Minister represents the cou...

The outline of the Constitution of India was prepared by a  Constituent Assembly . This assembly was an indirectly elected body. It laid down certain ideals for inclusion in the Constitution. These ideals included a commitment to  democracy , guarantees to all the people of India, justice, equality, and liberty. It also declared that India would be a democratic republic. The Constitution of India begins with a  Preamble . The Constitution is the foundational law for a country that defines the  fundamental rights and directive principles  on which the governance of the country is based. The Constitution lays down the framework for the functioning of various systems in the government and the interaction between the Government and the citizens. It required 2 years 11 months, and 18 days to complete the Indian Constitution. The Constitution of India is an amalgamation of different constitutions and sources. It has taken its many features from different constitutions...